近期我司出现一个争议。一条散货船,从印度到中国,FIXTURENOTE里规定如下:
05.DIS PORT(S)- 1 OR 2SB 1 OR 2SP(S) CHINA
DISCHARGE PORT TO BE NOMINATED UPON VSL PASSING SINGAPORE
07. FRT RATE – USD PMT FIOST BSS 1/1 (GOA/RIZHAO)
DISCH OTHER DIS PORT(S) ,FREIGHT TO BE ADJUST /CALCULATE ON AN OPEN BOOK, BSS SAME TCE BSS DISPORT RIZHAO.
我司在船过新加坡前宣卸港为日照,船过新加坡两天后收货人突然要改卸港为曹妃甸,我司就此问题与船东交涉,船东提出除了正常的运费调整外,还要加0.8 USD PMT的改港费用,理由是船的下个航次如果在曹妃甸交船的话,预计会比在日照交船的租金低1000 USD PER DAY.
我的理解是,因为我司已经宣过卸港,其实船东就算没理由,也可以狠宰我们一刀。我想请教的是,如果我们只是晚宣了卸港,在船过了新加坡之后宣曹妃甸,船东是否可以以同样的理由,即“船的下个航次如果在曹妃甸交船的话,预计会比在日照交船的租金低1000 USD PER DAY”这样的理由,来向我们索赔?
另外,楼主提供的不是完整合同,仅有MAIN TERMS,我不知道其它条款是不是采用GENCON 1994标准合同作为补充。如果是GENCON 1994,第1条有所谓“临近条款”,可以用来和船东“争”一下:
...... the vessel shall proceed to discharging port(s) or place(s) stated in Box 11 as ordered on signing Bills of Lading, or so near thereto as she may safely get and lie always afloat, and there deliver the cargo.
字面上看,似乎船舶改去临近的港口卸货也可以,但通常理解是合同列明的卸港已变得不安全,才可以这样做。作者: delphine 时间: 2012-4-2 22:19
附:
Rio Tinto标准航次租船合同范本中的卸货港条款
9 DISCHARGING PORT(S)
9.1 Upon completion of loading and final draft survey and if tide and weather permit the Vessel shall proceed at the nominated speed, via the direct and/or customary route to the nominated Discharging Port(s) as ordered by Charterer where the Vessel shall discharge always afloat as specified in the Fixture Note.
(a) Charterer shall have the option to change the Discharging Port(s), against paying freight which gives the Owner an equivalent time charter return to the base freight rate originally agreed.
(b) The alternative Discharging Port(s) freight calculation shall be conducted on an open book basis commencing from the Vessel’s previous Discharging Port and without consideration for repositioning (i.e. last to next basis).
(c) Charterer whilst having Contractual commitments to other Owners and Operators of other vessels in the Discharging Port(s) may be directed by the Port Authority to allocate berths and cargo at the port, and accordingly, Charterer shall not be bound to give to Owner any precedence over any other vessel.作者: admin 时间: 2012-4-3 11:55
如果合同没有规定由谁来行使选择权,有著作说:
If the contract does not specify which party has the option, it will be the one who has to do the first act: Reed v Kiburn Co-operative Society (1875) LR 10 QBD 264.
-ANSON'S LAW OF CONTRACT, 29TH EDITION, 2010: PAGE 448
红色部分怎样理解?设想一些案例,都由于疏忽或者其它原因,未在合同内规定谁来行使选择权:
1,货物买卖合同:规定 delivery should be made either at Port A or Port B,合同未规定谁来行使选择权。因为交付货物是卖方首先把货物运至交付地点,进行交付,所以卖方有权选择在A港还是B港交货?
2,航次租船合同:规定装港为 1SP BRAZIL,没有像常见的合同写上IN CHARTERERS OPTION;卸港也类似,只写了 1SP CHINA。这种情况,船东能否去争,具体装港 和/或 卸港是船东的选择权?关于装卸货,如何理解who has to do the first act?承租人要备货,准备相关手续,船东也要把船舶驶往港口,委托代理,时间上说不清先后。作者: delphine 时间: 2012-4-14 12:49
3,航次期租TCT,通常如果交还船地点是个区域,会写明类似DELIVERY DLOSP 1SP INDIA, POSITION IN OWNERS OPTION, REDELIVERY DLOSP 1SP SINGAPORE/JAPAN RANGE, POSITION IN CHTRS OPTION 等。但如果漏写了红色部分,英国法的默示地为是不是也一样,因为交船是船东do the first act,还船是承租人?
4,定期租船,租期 PERIOD OF MIN 5/MAX 7 MONTHS,按照以上的解释,是不是默示的租期的长短由承租人选择,因为到期还船是承租人先做出还船行为?作为承租人,我在洽谈租船合同时特别注意检查,要加上一句,EXACT DURATION IN CHARTERERS OPTION,或许是多此一举了。