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求助:关于船东使用工班损坏条款时是否负有举证责任?

期租合同中通常会有工班损坏条款, 其中既有船东负责也有租家负责的条款,
租家负责的条款中还分为船东和船长是否需要在发生(occured)或者发现(discovered)后一定期限内通知租家(通常是24小时或者48小时内),
而且还的有要求船长取得工班书面确认的条款。

我认为对船东最为有利的条款应该是NYPE 97的标准工班损坏条款。

NYPE 97的标准工班损坏条款措辞如下
Stevedore Damage
Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the Charterers shall pay for any and all damage to the Vessel caused by stevedores provided the Master has notified the Charterers and/or their agents in writing as soon as practical but not later than 48 hours after any damage is discovered. Such notice to specify the damage in detail and to invite Charterers to appoint a surveyor to assess the extent of such damage.
(a) In case of any and all damage(s) affecting the Vessel's seaworthiness and/or the safety of the crew and/or affecting the trading capabilities of the Vessel, the Charterers shall immediately arrange for repairs of such damage(s) at their expense and the Vessel is to remain on hire until such repairs are completed and if required passed by the Vessel's classification society.
(b) Any and all damage(s) not described under point (a) above shall be repaired at the Charterers' option, before or after redelivery concurrently with the Owners' work. In such case no hire and/or expenses will be paid to the Owners except and insofar as the time and/or the expenses required for the repairs for which the Charterers are responsible, exceed the time and/or expenses necessary to carry out the Owners' work.

该条款规定租家对工班损坏负责, 而且船长只要在发现(请注意,是发现discovered,并不是发生occured )损坏后48小时以内通知租家就行, 并没有规定船长要跟工班交涉取得书面确认书之类的义务。
用以上条款签了期租合同的一条双甲板船, 在一个运送机械设备的航次抵达卸货港锚地的时候发现后部货舱跟机舱油舱连接的舱壁破了两个洞, 漏了很多油,造成了货物损坏,船长认为应该是上个航次卸散货的时候放入舱内的挖掘机撞坏的, 所以在发现损坏的几个小时内就给租家发了工班损坏通知。
起初租家并没有说什么, 但是后来处理损坏的货物和修理舱壁总过大概花费了三个月的时间, 发生的港使费, 货物油污处理费,货物仓储, 转运费, 等等, 再加上大概3个月的租金油钱等大概供200万美金, 此外货物损坏索赔目前还没有收到。租家以船东没有证据证明损坏是挖掘机撞击造成的, 认为舱壁破损是被二层甲板的舱盖碰撞损坏为由, 认为所有的责任应该由船东负责, 全额向船东索赔。
问题1,
按照上面的工班损坏条款,条款没有规定船长要在损坏发生多少时间以内通知租家, 也没有规定要取得工班的书面确认, 因为损坏发生当时船员也确实没有发现,只是事后发现了损坏以后按照合同报告了而已。但是哪怕是船长按照合同尽到了发现损坏后48小时以内通知的义务, 只要不是当场发现的, 事后发现了损坏以后也不可能拿的到发生当时的工班损坏的确切证据。该案中船长显然已经按照合同尽到了通知的义务, 在这种情况下,船东是否负有举证的义务去证明破损确实为前航次的挖掘机碰撞造成的?
问题2,
其实租家证明二层甲板舱盖撞击的证据也不充分,很容易反驳, 如果船东能成功反驳破损为二层甲板的舱盖碰撞所致,是否就能以合理推测为由认为破损是挖掘机撞击造成? 因为船东有照片可以证明舱壁在交船的时候是完好无损的。而货舱舱壁的破损, 除了舱盖或者装卸货机械撞击, 正常推测不出别的可能性了。
请各位高手指教,谢谢!!!
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