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装卸时间与滞期费（二）待泊时间照算装卸时间 the radnor先例
本案例是第一个上诉庭关于time lost in waiting for berth to count as loading/discharging time
给予待泊时间照算装卸时间以意义和协调进行解释，是合情合理的
认为就算不提交NOR也是可以计入装卸时间，船东只要做好了装卸的准备，毕竟他是浪费了船期，加入本句也是为了保护船东
但是把这条进行独立与其他条款，确实引起了许多的不公平与后果
这会在下个贵族院的案例中被推翻！
装卸时间与滞期费（三）待泊时间照算装卸时间 darrah先例本案例是上诉庭先例：（最终由贵族院审理）
1 本案例与前一个randor案例类似的条文，但是本案中的船舶已经成为抵达船（而上次的案例没有），所以上诉庭的法官一致判定装卸时间已经起算 time lost in waiting for berth to count as laytime 条款不起作用，承租人可以享受到装卸时间的免责条款(如节假日 良好天气工作日)
2 lord denning：装卸时间条款适用于起算时间之后，而time lost条款适用于装卸时间起算之前
承认了上诉庭（the randor案中）关于两个条款独立的原则
故而对于装卸时间起算之前承租人是否可以享受装卸时间的除外没有做出裁定
3 需要贵族院作出最后的裁决（下次报道）
Lloyd's Law Reports [1976] Vol. 1
Lloyd's Rep.
285
Charter-party (Voyage) - Demurrage - Notice of readiness to discharge given by vessel
on becoming "arrived ship" under port charter-party - Port congested - Time lost by
vessel in waiting for berth - Clause providing that "time lost in waiting for berth to
count as laytime" - Whether clause independent of laytime provisions - "Gencon" form.
The claimant owners of the motor vessel Darrah chartered her to the respondent
charterers to carry 5500 tons of cement in bags from Novorossisk to Tripoli under a
port charter-party in "Gencon" form which stated (inter alia):
4. Time to commence at 2 p.m. if notice of readiness to discharge is given before
noon, and at 8 a.m. next working day if notice given during office hours after noon.
Time lost in waiting for berth to count as laytime.
20. Cargo to be discharged by Receivers at their risk and expense at the rate of 625
metric tons per weather working day of 24 consecutive hours, Fridays and Holidays
excepted.
21. At discharging port, time from noon Thursday or noon on the day before a legal
holiday until 8 a.m. the next working day, not to count, even if used.
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The vessel arrived at Tripoli Roads at 2 a.m. on Jan. 2, 1973, and gave notice of
readiness to discharge immediately. She was at that moment an "arrived ship" even
though she was only in the roads. The port was congested, and between 2 a.m. on Jan. 2
and 8 a.m. on Jan. 9 she was waiting for a berth. At 8 a.m. on Jan. 9 she moved to her
discharging berth.
Discharge commenced immediately and was completed at 8 a.m. on Jan. 24.
The shipowners contended主张 that the provisions of cl. 4 resulted in the whole of the
time that the vessel was waiting for a berth (i.e. 7 days and 6 hours) being counted
against the time allowed for discharge (i.e. 8 days and 7 hours) and that just under
14 days' demurrage was due to them.
船东主张第四条导致了所有的船舶待泊的时间计入所允许的卸货时间（本来的免责，比如节假日）
这是跟从上诉庭的Radnor先例，待泊时间照算装卸时间属于独立性质
The charterers maintained that cl. 4 had no application because the whole time //that
the vessel was waiting for a berth //she was an "arrived ship", and the exceptions
provided for in cl. 20 and cl. 21 had to be taken into account in computing how much
laytime the vessel used up// while waiting for her berth,// and on this basis just
under 4 days' demurrage was incurred.
承租人的意思：NOR已经递交，装卸时间已经开始起算了，不应该适用独立的待泊时间照算装卸时
间
A dispute arose and the matter was referred to arbitration. The arbitrator made an
award in favour of the charterers, and stated the award in the form of a special case,
the question for the Court being:
Whether on the facts found and on the true construction of the Charter Party, the time
lost waiting for a berth is subject to the exceptions of Clauses 20 and 21.
基于发现的事实，以及正确的租约解释，就是待泊时间是不是受20 21条除外条款的调整
装卸时间与滞期费（四）待泊时间照算装卸时间 darrah先例（贵族院）
Lloyd's Law Reports [1976] Vol. 2
Lloyd's Rep.
359
案例看先前的文章
-Held, by H.L. (Lord Diplock, Viscount Dilhorne, Lord Simon of Glaisdale, Lord Fraser of Tullybelton and Lord Russell of Killowen) that
(1) in the computation of time lost in waiting for a berth, there were to be excluded all periods /that would have been left out in the computation of permitted laytime used up if Darrah had actually been in berth (see p. 366, col. 1; p. 369, col. 2; p. 371, col. 1);
在计算等泊时间时，需要除去一切在计算装卸时间时不考虑的时间（免责条款适用）
-The Radnor, [1955] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 668, explained and approved.
承认独立原则
-The Vastric, [1966] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 219, The Loucas N, [1971] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 215 and The Finix, [1975] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 415, overruled.
这两个案例被否决，无效
(2) there was, therefore, no conflict between the laytime provisions and the time lost provisions in the case of an arrived ship under a port charter (see p. 366, col. 1);
在港口租约下船舶是抵达船的情况下，装卸时间条款与等泊条款没有冲突
(3) the fact that there was an overlap重复 of the time lost and the discharging or loading provisions would not matter since the time would be counted in the same way and the owner would not gain a greater advantage from his ship being kept waiting for a berth than he would get from her being kept at her berth (see p. 369, col. 2).
装卸时间与等泊时间有重复没有关系，船东并没有从船舶待泊中获得更多的利益
Appeal dismissed.
（1）租约中的条款应尽量给予解释而不是否定，那么time lost条款一样需要给予一个合理和公平的解释，这个您在几本着作中也反复强调。
（2）Lord Diplock 在the Darrah案说：，time lost是用来分配船东和承租人双方风险的条款，既然在租约中加入了这个条款，那么体现了双方对于没有空的泊位而引起的时间损失的风险如何负担，表明了时间损失在承租人的头上，这样的风险分配方式公平合理。
（3）上诉庭The Radnor，判决time lost code的独立原则，从某种意义上有其合理性。time lost code 与laytime code相协调，但是laytime code有着先决条件，在这样的情况下，判决time lost 是独立原则进行计算，将两者进行协调解释，都给予两个条文一定的意思 在the Loucas N Lord Denning：time lost code 与laytime code分别适用于船舶靠泊的前后
（4）上诉庭The Radnor只是判决独立计算，但并没有说明装卸时间的除外/免责是否适用。Viscount Dilhorne:
The Darrah [1976] Vol. 2 Lloyd's Rep. 368
Although the charter-party contained a provision that loading was to be at the average rate of 1000 tons per weather working day (Sundays and holidays excepted) and although the period between June 3 and 12 must have included a Sunday, it appears never to have been suggested in argument that when counting the time lost waiting for a berth as loading time, the time lost should not include Sundays or holidays or days when the weather did not permit loading; and that question does not appear to have been considered.
（5）上诉庭The Radnor先例只是判决独立计算，但没有进一步说明是否除外条款适用，这是其缺陷。而后续的案例（the vastric）并没有在这个问题上做出解释，错误的认为被先例约束，最终导致了不合理的结果出现。
（6）最终贵族院推翻了不公平的结果，使得风险的分配更加合理与公平 |
发表于 2011-1-8 12:25
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