感谢这位朋友的问题。WWD中的“天气”是针对在装卸地点的天气,这一法律地位在英国普通法下是比较明确。法律这样规定的原因是认为WWD这一术语是属于“描述性”的,它描述的内容是客观天气情况是否允许装卸作业。既然是对装卸作业的影响,就应该看装卸地点的情况,因为只有在装卸地点才会有装卸作业。从而不受港口其他地方天气与船舶是否到达装卸地点的影响。港口即使因为坏天气封闭了,但是在装卸地点天气不影响相关货物的装卸作业,那么该段时间也会被认为是WWD.
以下节录JOHN SCHOFIELD 先生所著的《Laytime and Demurrage》一书第五版之4.189段给你参考:“The question to be asked seems to be: could cargo of the type intended t be loaded or discharged be safely loaded or discharged without undue risk due to the weather conditions then prevailing at the place where the parties intended cargo operations to be carried out? In answering this question it is irrelevant whether the vessel concerned is herself at the loading or discharging point. Clearly, if the vessel is in position then evidentially it is easier to establish, but if she is not in position and no similar cargo is being worked at the loading/discharging position then the question will have to be determined on a theoretical basis.”。
在船舶变为抵达船舶并递交NOR令装卸时间开始起算之后,WWD显然是不能在坏天气延误船舶靠泊时在时间损失上保障承租人的。这时承租人如果希望将在该环节坏天气引起的时间损失转给船东,就应该在租约中明确将该时间包括在停算装卸时间的条文中。具体可以参考杨先生《装卸时间与滞期费》一书的第十五章之18段。
以上仅供参考。
司嘉
杨良宜先生助手 |